Hair dressing composition

ABSTRACT

The present invention is directed to an aqueous hair dressing or hair styling composition which comprises from about 1.5 to about 5.0 weight % polyquaternium 37/propylene glycol dicaprylate dicaprate and ppg-1 trideceth-6, also known as polyquat 37, and also known as Salcare 96. 
     The compositions of the invention have good hair styling and manageability properties without tackiness.

This is a divisional of Ser. No. 08/897,961, filed Jul. 21, 1997 nowU.S. Pat. No. 5,985,256.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to an aqueous hair dressing composition thatprovides good hair styling and manageability properties withouttackiness. Since hair dressing compositions are usually applied by hand,tackiness or stickiness is an unpleasant and undesirable property forhair dressing compositions to have.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Hair dressing compositions are known in the art. They are usuallysolutions containing a hair styling or holding polymer in a suitablevehicle such as alcohol and/or water along with auxiliary conditioningagents such as silicones, esters, and the like, to provide the requiredfilm forming properties. In such compositions, the styling resinsprovide the desired hair styling properties whereas the auxiliaryconditioning agents are there to modify the film properties to make thempliable and hair manageable. Hair dressing compositions are applied byplacing a small amount in the palm of the hands, spreading evenly byrubbing the palms together, and applying the composition to the hair.Since the product is applied with the users' hands, a common complaintof such compositions are that they are very tacky and sticky. It is thisstickiness that is responsible for the good styling that compositionsprovide. Polymers having less stickiness are available, but they do nothave the desired film forming properties. Also, the tackiness of thehigh film formers can be modified by the use of auxiliary ingredientssuch as silicones and esters, but the addition of these compoundsdetracts from the styling properties. To overcome some of thesedrawbacks, formulators have also attempted to put these resins intoemulsions where the water base containing the styling resins isemulsified in the oil phase containing silicones or oils. While thesecompositions have improved non-sticky properties they still effect thestyling properties of the resin. Hair styling compositions describedabove are available in the commercial market under trade names such asBRYLCREAM, ALBERTO VO5. They are also described in various text bookssuch as Harry's Cosmetology.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to an aqueous hair dressing or hairstyling composition which comprises from about 1.5 to about 5.0 weight %polyquat 37 also known as polyquaternium 37/propylene glycol dicaprylatedicaprate and ppg-1 trideceth-6, also sold as Salcare SC96. Salcare SC96is supplied as 48-52% active in a carrier ester. The weight per centsSalcare SC96 discussed herein are as supplied in the carrier solution.

Preferred ranges of Salcare SC 96 are from about 1.5 to about 4.0 weight%, and 2.0 to about 4.0 weight % and 3.0 to about 5.0 weight %.

The invention also relates to a method for styling or dressing the hairwhich comprises application to the hair of the compositions of theinvention.

An object of the present invention is to provide hair dressing or hairstyling compositions with good hair styling properties but withoutstickiness to the hands. A second object of the invention is to providea range of compositions where the styling properties can be varieddepending upon the needs of the individual hair types while maintainingthe nonsticky profile. A third object of the invention is to providehair dressing or styling compositions for individuals with high stylingneeds which can be obtained by using higher polymer levels (SalcareSC96) and also auxiliary detackifying agents so as to lower thestickiness of the resulting compositions. A fourth object of theinvention is a composition which can be used on hair and the hair doesnot develop static. A fifth object of the invention is to provide acomposition which can be used to dress thin hair so that the resultingthin hair has no flyaway tendencies. A sixth object of the invention isto provide a composition, which when used on hair that is exposed tohigh humidity or is either prewet or wet, does not cause the hair tofeel sticky.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to a hair dressing or hair stylingcomposition which comprises from about 1.5 to about 5.0 weight %polyquaternium 37/propylene glycol dicaprylate dicaprate and ppg-1trideceth-6, also sold as Salcare SC96. Preferred ranges of SalcareSC96, are about 1.5 to about 4.0 weight % and 2.0 to about 4.0 weight %and 3.0 to about 4.0 weight %.

The compositions of the invention may also contain a glycol such aspropylene glycol. Propylene glycol may be added to compositions of theinvention in a range of about 2.0 to about 10.0% propylene glycol. Shortchain isopropyl esters may be added to compositions of the invention ina range of about 1.0 to about 10.0%. Exemplary of such short chainisopropyl esters are isopropyl palmitate or isopropyl myristate ormixtures thereof.

The invention also relates to a method for styling or dressing the hairwhich comprises application to the hair of the compositions of theinvention.

Salcare SC96 which is used in the compositions of the invention is ahigh cationic charged polymer dispersed in a carrier ester. It has thefollowing technical names: ethanaminiumN,N,N-trimethyl-2-[(methyl-1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy]chloride, homopolymerand N,N,N-trimethyl-2-[(methyl-1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy]ethanaminiumchloride, homopolymer.

The compositions of the invention may also optionally contain apreservatives, proteins and vitamins, and fragrances.

Salcare SC 96 has excellent hair styling properties while at the sametime, it has very low stickiness. When compositions are desired having ahigher level of hold, Salcare SC 96, could be used at a higher level(5.0% or higher), with auxiliary detackifing agents such as short chainfatty acid esters.

Specific examples of compositions of the invention (A, B, C, D and F)were made as follows:

COMPOSITIONS OF THE INVENTION Ingredients A B C D E F Water, soft 98.2597.25 96.75 95.75 94.75 89.75 Salcare SC 96 1.50 2.50 3.0 4.0 5.0 5.0Isopropyl Palmitate — — — — — 2.50 Isopropyl Myristate — — — — — 1.50Preservative .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25

Procedure for preparing compositions of the invention:

1.) Water was added to the beaker.

2.) A mixer in the beaker was turned on and adjusted to a rate or speedof mixing to avoid splashing.

3.) The following items were added in the order in which they arewritten below:

i). Salcare SC96

ii). Isopropyl Palmitate (where applicable)

iii). Isopropyl Myristate (where applicable)

iv). Preservative.

In extensive tests with this polymer we have found that it could be usedto provide hair styling and manageability benefits when it is used at alevel higher than 2.5%. More importantly we hare finding that thispolymer has the desired styling and manageability benefits withouttackiness. The styling properties start to show at a level as low as1.5% and increase with increased levels of the resin up until 5.0%. Atthe levels tested, we see no tack to these formulas and increased levelof styling properties. As a styling composition we see that at 5.0% itgives more than the desired level of styling benefit. For thoseindividual hair types such as damaged and porous hair where there is agood absorption of the polymer, levels higher than 5.0% may be requiredand at this level auxiliary detack agents may be required to maintainthe non tack properties seen with lower polymer formulations. This canbe done by incorporating conventional additives such as silicones,esters, oils known in the art. The major difference, however, is thatthe incorporation of these materials does not detract or adverselyeffect the styling properties of this polymer.

To demonstrate the non-tackiness properties of this polymer experimentswere performed using the Diastron MTT 160 Tensile Tester equipped withthe supplied tack testing plates. This apparatus tests the tackiness ofa formulation by measuring the forces between two circular stainlesssteel plates which are repeatedly pressed together. The upper platecontains a ball and socket joint which allows the parallel orientationof the two plates. A spring contained in the lower plate gives acompliance to the system as the plates are driven together.

Experiments were performed using the instrumental settings recommendedin the Diastron manual. These parameters are given below.

Contact time:  2 seconds Rate:  150 mm/min Cyclic separation: 10 mmMaximum Force: 2000 gmf Contact time:  2 seconds Gauge Force:  30 gmfgmf means gram-force

Three samples were supplied for analysis. These consisted of threepolymer resins dissolved in an 80:20 alcohol/water mixture. In eachcase, the polymer concentration was held constant at 1.75% (active). thesamples supplies are listed below.

1.75% amphomer solution (neutralized to 90%)

1.75% PVPNA 735 solution

1.75% POLYQUAT 37

In each experiment 300 mL of material was applied to the plates. Sixexperiments were performed per sample.

Initially tack testing produces relatively low forces, as the instrumentmeasures the surface forces of the liquid between the two plates As thesolution begins to dry, the polymer can become tacky and more force isrequired to pull the plates apart. eventually, as the resin dries out,the tackiness decreases and the force needed to pull the plates apartalso drops.

Results for the three polymer solutions mentioned above are as follows:

method 95.0 percent Tukey HSD method polyquat-37 treatment count meanpolyquat-37 6 115.667 PVP/NA 6 471.667 amphomer 6 795.333

The above test results are statistically significant at the 95%confidence level and show that polyquat-37 was significantly less tackythan the other two polymers. Specifically, the results clearly show thatthe highest forces to pull the plates apart result from the amphomersolution. It is concluded that the amphomer solution produces the mosttackiness during drying. The PVANA (which means polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate) gave rise to forces which wereapproximately half those seen with amphomer. Finally, the polyquat 37sample shows extremely low forces indicating a virtual lack of any tack.

The following hair tress test was run to determine tackiness ofcompositions of the invention.

1.) Hair tresses were shampooed with SUAVE CLARIFYING SHAMPOO andrinsed.

2.) Step 1 was repeated.

3.) One gram of composition to be tested was applied to each tress onwet stage and evaluated for tackiness by a panel of five trained judgeson a scale of 1 to 10.

In the table below the scale for tackiness was as follows:

LOW tack to HIGH tack

Scale 1 to 10.

In the table below the control was a commercially available leave-onspray-on gel from LAMAUR.

CONTROL SPRAY GEL 7, 6.5, 10, 5, 5 TOTAL = 33.5 A 5, 5, 6, 5, 3 TOTAL =24 B 4, 5, 3.5, 5,4 TOTAL = 21.5 C 5, 7, 6, 5 ,3 TOTAL = 26 D 6, 4, 5,4, 5 TOTAL = 24 E 8, 9, 6, 8, 7.5 TOTAL = 38.5 F 9, 6, 7, 5, 4 TOTAL =31

From the above data we can conclude that the above compositionscontaining polyquat 37 at levels 4.0% and below are lower in tack thanthe control spray gel which contains a commercially used resin. At 5%the tack is higher than the control but could be lowered through the useof auxiliary detackifyers as illustrated in formula F.

Compositions of the invention come in the form of a cream, mousse, gel,a spray-on leave-on product, and a spray-on spritz.

The invention is also related to a method for dressing or styling thehair which comprises placing a small amount of the composition of theinvention in the hands, and applying to the hair.

All of the materials which are used in the preparation of thecompositions of the invention are either known or can be prepared byknown methods. Many of the starting materials used in preparing thecompositions of the invention are commercially available.

What is claimed is:
 1. A low tack aqueous hair dressing or hair stylingcomposition which comprises: (a) about 1.5 to about 5.0% ofpolyquaternium 37/propylene glycol dicaprylate dicaprate and ppg-1trideceth-6; and (b) about 1.0 to about 10% of a short chain isopropylester selected from the group consisting of isopropyl palmitate,isopropyl myristate, and mixtures thereof.
 2. A method for dressing orstyling the hair which comprises placing a small amount of thecomposition of claim 1 in the hands, and applying it to the hair.
 3. Alow tack aqueous hair dressing or hair styling composition according toclaim 1 which comprises: (a) about 4.0 to about 5.0% of polyquaternium,37/propylene glycol dicaprate and ppg-1 trideceth-6; and (b) about 1.0to 10% of a short chain isopropyl ester selected from the groupconsisting of isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl myristate and mixturesthereof.